翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Restriction ・ Restriction (Archive album) ・ Restriction (mathematics) ・ Restriction digest ・ Restriction endonuclease BsobI/AvaI ・ Restriction enzyme ・ Restriction fragment ・ Restriction fragment length polymorphism ・ Restriction fragment mass polymorphism ・ Restriction landmark genomic scanning ・ Restriction map ・ Restriction modification system ・ Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive ・ Restriction point ・ Restriction site ・ Restriction site associated DNA markers ・ Restriction-modification system ・ Restrictions (album) ・ Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States ・ Restrictions on geographic data in China ・ Restrictions on political parties ・ Restrictions on the import of cryptography ・ Restrictive cardiomyopathy ・ Restrictive dermopathy ・ Restrictive design rules ・ Restrictive flow orifice ・ Restrictive lung disease ・ Restrictive Practices Court ・ Restrictiveness ・ Restrictor plate Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Restriction site associated DNA markers ： ウィキペディア英語版 Restriction site associated DNA markers Restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers are a type of genetic marker which are useful for association mapping, QTL-mapping, population genetics, ecological genetics and evolution. The use of RAD markers for genetic mapping is often called RAD mapping. An important aspect of RAD markers and mapping is the process of isolating RAD tags, which are the DNA sequences that immediately flank each instance of a particular restriction site of a restriction enzyme throughout the genome.〔Miller MR, Dunham JP, Amores A, Cresko WA, Johnson EA. (2007) Rapid and cost-effective polymorphism identification and genotyping using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers. Genome Research. 17(2):240-248.〕 Once RAD tags have been isolated, they can be used to identify and genotype DNA sequence polymorphisms mainly in form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).〔 Polymorphisms that are identified and genotyped by isolating and analyzing RAD tags are referred to as RAD markers. ==Isolation of RAD tags== The use of the flanking DNA sequences around each restriction site is an important aspect of RAD tags.〔 The density of RAD tags in a genome depends on the restriction enzyme used during the isolation process.〔 There are other restriction site marker techniques, like RFLP or amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), which use fragment length polymorphism caused by different restriction sites, for the distinction of genetic polymorphism. The use of the flanking DNA-sequences in RAD tag techniques is referred as reduced-representation method.〔Davey JW, Hohenlohe PA, Etter PD, Boone JQ, Catchen JM, Blaxter ML. (2011) Genome-wide genetic marker discovery and genotyping using next-generation sequencing. NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS. Volume 12, July:499-510.〕 The initial procedure to isolate RAD tags involved digesting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme, ligating biotinylated adapters to the overhangs, randomly shearing the DNA into fragments much smaller than the average distance between restriction sites, and isolating the biotinylated fragments using streptavidin beads.〔 This procedure was used initially to isolate RAD tags for microarray analysis.〔〔Miller MR, Atwood TS, Eames BF, Eberhart JK, Yan YL, Postlethwait JH, Johnson EA. (2007) RAD marker microarrays enable rapid mapping of zebrafish mutations. Genome Biol. 2007;8(6):R105.〕〔Lewis ZA, Shiver AL, Stiffler N, Miller MR, Johnson EA, Selker EU. (2007) High density detection of restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers for rapid mapping of mutated loci in Neurospora. Genetics. 177(2):1163-1171.〕 More recently, the RAD tag isolation procedure has been modified for use with high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina platform, which has the benefit of greatly reduced raw error rates and high throughput.〔Baird NA, Etter PD, Atwood TS, Currey MC, Shiver AL, Lewis ZA, Selker EU, Cresko WA, Johnson EA. (2008) Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS One. 3(10):e3376.〕 The new procedure involves digesting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme (for example: SbfI, NsiI,…), ligating the first adapter, called P1, to the overhangs, randomly shearing the DNA into fragments much smaller than the average distance between restriction sites, preparing the sheared ends into blunt ends and ligating the second adapter (P2), and using PCR to specifically amplify fragments that contain both adapters. Importantly, the first adapter contains a short DNA sequence barcode, called MID (molecular identifier), which allows to pools different DNA samples with different barcodes and to track each sample when they are sequenced in the same reaction.〔〔Hohenlohe PA, Bassham S, Etter PD, Stiffler N, Johnson EA, Cresko WA. (2010) Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. PLoS Genetics. 6(2):e1000862〕 The use of high-throughput sequencing to analyze RAD tags can be classified as Reduced-representation sequencing, which includes, among other things, RADSeq (RAD-Sequencing).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restriction site associated DNA markers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.